There are some basic principles to use in preparing for the unexpected, such as creating a kit (or two) of emergency supplies and developing a plan for communications with family, neighbors and friends. But more importantly – and this is the difficult part – you must plan for the unexpected because while many natural disasters can be predicted well in advance, others cannot. For example, we keep an eye on possible hurricanes from the point they become even slight disturbances off the coast of Africa or in the middle of the Atlantic, but more often than not a decision about evacuation can’t realistically be made until we suddenly have a named storm bearing down on us in the Gulf of Mexico, with only days to go until landfall.

That is not the time you want to start coming up with a plan or stocking up on essentials. Advance decision-making and a wealth of information are more vital, at that point, than a tank of gas or a gallon of water.

First, know what natural disasters are common in your area. That may sound simplistic, but you may be unaware of some of the risks in your area. Would it surprise you to know that, historically, flooding is our nation's most common natural disaster? It can happen in every single U.S. state and territory, often with little warning at all. And while earthquakes are thought of solely as a West Coast problem, forty-five U.S. states and territories are at moderate to high risk from earthquakes, and they can be located in every region of the country. Tornados can also occur anywhere in the U.S. And while hurricanes and severe tropical storms mainly affect coastal areas along the southern Atlantic and the Gulf of Mexico, these mighty forces can – and have – hit any coastal region from time to time; even New York, Boston and Maine have a history of hurricane strikes.

None of this is meant to frighten you, only to reinforce the need for preparedness. Find out about evacuation routes and the usual locations of shelters, Red Cross assistance stations and have contact information for FEMA on hand. Contact your City Hall and ask about their Office of Emergency Preparedness and if there is any existing information or literature on the city’s plans and suggestions in the case of a citywide emergency. Have your maps together, get all your contacts gathered into one place and discuss your “in the event of an emergency” plans with family, friends and neighbors (especially neighbors, as they can often be the most immediate support system during dire situations).

Planning in advance is the most important part of being prepared and avoiding confusing, stressful situations if or when an emergency should arise.

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